The acquisition of battle tanks is one of the most significant and challenging decisions for any military. Selecting the right model involves assessing various factors, including geopolitical conditions, compatibility with other military systems, and long-term strategic goals.
For Cyprus’ National Guard, purchasing battle tanks is a decision that will shape the force’s defensive capabilities for decades, as tanks are typically acquired once every 30 to 40 years.
Cyprus needs a battle tank that will meet operational requirements for the next 30 years. Unlike larger, industrially advanced countries, Cyprus lacks the capacity to produce its own vehicles tailored to specific needs. The tank chosen must be optimally suited to the Cypriot terrain, operational conditions, and the tasks it will be called to perform.
Options on the European market
The European market offers two main options for main battle tanks: the French Leclerc and the German Leopard 2. Both vehicles are highly advanced, with cutting-edge systems for targeting, observation, fire control, and protection. They serve as key pillars in the defence strategies of many European and non-European countries.
Among these options, the French Leclerc is gaining more traction for several reasons. Cyprus has strong bilateral relations with France, particularly in defence and military equipment. Moreover, around 85% of Cyprus’ SAFE programme, which focuses on military upgrades, involves purchases from France, making the French market the dominant choice.
However, the cost of the French Leclerc tanks, estimated at €16-18 million per unit, is significantly high for Cyprus’ budget, even with the SAFE programme’s funding.
The Israeli option
Negotiations between Cyprus and Israel regarding the purchase of used Merkava tanks (Mk II or Mk III) were suspended following the events of 7 October 2023. Israel, aiming to keep all its tanks fully operational due to heightened military demands, paused talks with Cyprus. Despite this, Israel has reassured Cyprus that discussions will resume once the crisis subsides and military needs allow.
The cost for used Merkava Mk II/III tanks is estimated at $4-5 million each (approximately €3.7–4.6 million), much lower than the European options. The modern Merkava Mk IV tanks range from $6-10 million (approximately €5.5–9.2 million), depending on negotiation terms and support packages.
Although the Merkava tanks come at a lower price, their technical specifications are comparable to the European models, as they use the same 120mm ammunition and belong to the same weight class. The Merkava tanks are noted for their superior crew protection, and their design is well-suited for Cyprus’ terrain. Additionally, their proximity to Cyprus makes logistics and support more efficient, offering further operational advantages.
What lies ahead
In the coming months, talks with Israel are expected to resume. The Ministry of Defence is keen to make a decision that will equip the National Guard with a tank solution that meets its operational needs for the next several decades. As Cyprus considers its options, all factors, including cost, capabilities, and long-term strategic considerations, will weigh heavily on the final decision.
(Picture by Andreas Pogiatzi)
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